Rossville Gap, Sept. 20 - 21, 1863

Upon being ordered to retreat from Snodgrass Hill on the evening of Sept. 20, 1863, Thomas' aggregate of defenders becomes difficult to follow as they attempt to regroup at Rossville.  Many troops fled the field in disarray on that afternoon.  Generals Rosecrans, McCook and Crittenden followed the mob of fleeing troops to Rossville Gap, and then on to Chattanooga, leaving large numbers on the field bravely continuing the fight against overwhelming numbers.

Each left the field separately about midday via the Dry Valley Road and each eventually ended up in Chattanooga.  While retreating as far as Rossville was inevitable, their decisions to ride to Chattanooga, made individually and for a variety of reasons, damaged each man's career.

Rosecrans' encounter with Chief of Staff James Garfield famously resulted in Rosecrans hurrying on to Chattanooga while Garfield returned to the battlefield to find the embattled Maj. Gen. George Thomas.  McCook forced a civilian guide to lead him, and ended up bypassing Rossville entirely.  Crittenden tried for a time to rally stragglers along the Dry Valley Road before telling a member of his staff, "I believe I have done all I can."  [Powell and Friedrichs, page 250]


The Ninth and Seventeenth Kentucky Infantry made decisions at the regimental level, joined by other officers and men of their own brigade and were indeed detached from their brigade commander who was fleeing with (or trying to rally) most of his men.  Following their exact movements after dark is difficult.  It is certain that they were not with Brig. Gen. Sam Beatty, but most likely remained with Brannan's Division of Thomas' XIV Corps.  This assumption is based solely on their proximity and later correspondence, since Gen. Brannan failed to mention them is his official report.  Powell and Friedrichs state that "One division, Van Cleve's of the XXI Corps was so badly disrupted that it could not be reformed even in skeleton form until the next morning."  [page 250]   Whether this skeleton included Sam Beatty and his stragglers and or the Ninth and Seventeenth (et al) survivors from Snodgrass Hill is unclear, but it is likely that Col. Stout and his men remained with Brannan's division on the night of the 20th as defensive positions were being created.

Note:  The following excerpt from Col. Stout's report dated Sept. 24, 1863 provides clarification:

The firing having ceased, at night on the 20th, not knowing where to find our brigade, I reported to Brigadier General T. J. Wood, commanding First Division, Twenty-first Army Corps, who had moved his command near us. At his instance I joined myself to his First Brigade, commanded by Colonel Buell. In a few minutes we commenced to move in this direction, and bivouacked near Rossville that night.

Next morning we moved to the left up and along the mountain range bounding the Chattanooga Valley on the east; took position and remained until 11 o'clock that night, when we moved within a mile of this place and camped. [http://ehistory.osu.edu/osu/sources/recordView.cfm?Content=050/0817]

When dawn on the 21st arrived, the Army of the Cumberland was in surprisingly good shape considering the disaster that had befallen it the day before.  Most of it's formations were intact, if still suffering from straggling, and Thomas had been able to refill his cartridge boxes from ammunition found or moved to Rossville.  The Army also had an imposing defensive position in Missionary Ridge. Bragg would be hard-pressed to simply smash through Rossville Gap by sheer force.  Any formal attack there would likely cost the Confederates a great deal more men.  [Powell and Friedrichs, page 250]  

Chickamauga Photo Album

The following pictures were taken at Chickamauga Chattanooga National Military Park 150 years (minus 14 days) after the battle.

Viewed from the south, the approximate position of Beatty's Brigade when first formed in line of battle on Sept. 19, 1863.  They charged the enemy to the east where they were heavily engaged and captured Carnes' Battery.

Viewed from south/southwest, the crest of the slight ridge at Brotherton's Field, showing position of 26th PA Battery.  With the rest of Beatty's Brigade engaged in the woods across the road, they provided artillery support from the rear.  Unfortunately, their shells frequently fell on their own brigade.  As the Rebels took the woods, Beatty and others fell back to this position and made a brief defensive stand on Sept. 19, 1863.

Brotherton's Cabin as it might have appeared on Sept. 20, 1863, flanked by Confederate artillery and occupied by sharpshooters.

Approximate position of Beatty's Brigade on Sunday, Sept.20, 1863 viewed from east/southeast, with LaFayette Rd. to your back and Brotherton Field and Road to your left

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Marker on Snodgrass Hill with view of Confederate positions.

Memorials to the Seventeenth Kentucky and other Regiments that here made their last stand in the Battle of Chickamauga at sunset on Sept. 20, 1863.

To the victor belong the spoils, to the loser the courts of inquiry.  Johnson's Division drove the center and right of the Union Army  from the area of Brotherton's  and Poe's Fields, cleared the brief resistance at Dyer's Field and challenged the Yankees at Snodgrass Hill until they retreated to Rossville at sundown on September 20, 1863.  Rosecrans, McCook and Crittenden were dismissed for their failures.  Thomas was given command of the Army of the Cumberland, having gained control of most of it during the battle.  His last stand on Snodgrass Hill earned him the nickname, however well deserved, of "The Rock of Chickamauga".

The 17th Kentucky at Chickamauga, Tablet Records

Tablet located at Lee and Gordon's MIlls.

There was another table located outside the battlefield that is presently missing.  Per Jim Ogden, Chief Historian, it was located on the "East side of LaFayette Road 1/2 way between Scott's and Lee and Gordon's Mill."

Dated September 19, 1863 before noon and identifying Sam Beatty's brigade, it read:
     This brigade with its division arrived on this ground from Crawfish Springs Sept. 18th and formed on the left of Wood's Division where it remained until 1 p.m. on the 19th.  At that hour it received orders to march at double quick to the support of Gen. Palmer's Division then heavily engaged at Brotherton's.  It moved at once by the LaFayette Road and went into action on Palmer's right about 1:30 p.m.

Tablet located in Brotherton's Field

Tablet located about 500 yards south of Brotherton R. and 300 yards east of LaFayette Rd. on horse trail.  Thanks to Dr. Anthony Hodges (Volunteer Historian) for guidance in locating this site.

Tablet located near Brotherton's Cabin.

Second of two tablets located off Dyer Rd. west of the cemetery

Tablet located on Snodgrass Hill, the first knoll to the Right of Thomas' position near Snodgrass House.